Encounters with Objects

Introduction

Objects can be encountered a long time after their production, especially in the realm of archaeology. These encounters are often called "finds" and the locations they take place at "find spots", but the object may have been never lost according to another culture that always knew about it. Encounters are frequently of objects from a long-vanished civilization, such as the Greek or Roman empires, but not necessarily. The object might be buried under the ash of a volcanic eruption, lost at sea, or otherwise pass out of human memory and record as far as the documenting institution is aware.

There might be multiple encounters recorded in a provenance chain, such as when an object is known to have been encountered and subsequently lost by a previous culture, and then rediscovered.

Encounters

Objects of cultural significance are often lost to all knowledge, or to the general knowledge of the prevailing culture, and then later rediscovered. This is considered to be part of the provenance of the object, rather than equivalent to its Production, especially as both may be known. There are also ownership considerations that need to be taken into account at the same time, as to whether this find also transfers the ownership of the object to the discoverer, or merely custody of it.

The model uses an Encounter activity, which is carried out by the person or group making the discovery. The activity has its own relationship for the object that is rediscovered, encountered, to ensure that other objects that are used as part of the discovery can be separated from the "find". As it is part of a Provenance Event, other parts can describe the changing ownership status of the object. In all other ways, the Encounter is just like a regular Activity as described in the baseline patterns.

Note that Encounters may also be included directly in the object's description without ownership implications, in the same way as for simple acquistions.

Example:

The "Statue of a Victorious Youth" was discovered in 1964 off the coast of Italy by a fishing trawler, thereby taking ownership of it.

{
  "@context": "https://linked.art/ns/v1/linked-art.json",
  "id": "https://linked.art/example/provenance/getty_bronze/1",
  "type": "Activity",
  "_label": "Discovery of Victorious Youth",
  "classified_as": [
    {
      "id": "http://vocab.getty.edu/aat/300055863",
      "type": "Type",
      "_label": "Provenance Activity"
    }
  ],
  "part": [
    {
      "type": "Encounter",
      "_label": "Encounter of Sculpture",
      "carried_out_by": [
        {
          "id": "https://linked.art/example/group/ferruccio",
          "type": "Group",
          "_label": "Owners of Ferri Ferruccio"
        }
      ],
      "encountered": [
        {
          "id": "https://linked.art/example/object/victorious_youth",
          "type": "HumanMadeObject",
          "_label": "Victorious Youth"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Acquisition",
      "transferred_title_of": [
        {
          "id": "https://linked.art/example/object/victorious_youth",
          "type": "HumanMadeObject",
          "_label": "Victorious Youth"
        }
      ],
      "transferred_title_to": [
        {
          "id": "https://linked.art/example/group/ferruccio",
          "type": "Group",
          "_label": "Owners of Ferri Ferruccio"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

graph TD classDef object stroke:black,fill:#E1BA9C,rx:20px,ry:20px; classDef actor stroke:black,fill:#FFBDCA,rx:20px,ry:20px; classDef type stroke:red,fill:#FAB565,rx:20px,ry:20px; classDef name stroke:orange,fill:#FEF3BA,rx:20px,ry:20px; classDef dims stroke:black,fill:#c6c6c6,rx:20px,ry:20px; classDef infoobj stroke:#907010,fill:#fffa40,rx:20px,ry:20px classDef timespan stroke:blue,fill:#ddfffe,rx:20px,ry:20px classDef place stroke:#3a7a3a,fill:#aff090,rx:20px,ry:20px classDef event stroke:#1010FF,fill:#96e0f6,rx:20px,ry:20px classDef literal stroke:black,fill:#f0f0e0; classDef classstyle stroke:black,fill:white; O1(provenance/getty_bronze/1) class O1 event; O1-- type -->O1_0[Activity] class O1_0 classstyle; O1-- _label -->O1_4("''Discovery of Victorious Youth''") class O1_4 literal; O2(aat:300055863) class O2 type; O2-- type -->O2_0[Type] class O2_0 classstyle; O2-- _label -->O2_3("''Provenance Activity''") class O2_3 literal; O1-- classified_as -->O2 O3( _ ) class O3 event; O3-- type -->O3_0[Encounter] class O3_0 classstyle; O3-- _label -->O3_2("''Encounter of Sculpture''") class O3_2 literal; O4(group/ferruccio) class O4 actor; O4-- type -->O4_0[Group] class O4_0 classstyle; O4-- _label -->O4_3("''Owners of Ferri Ferruccio''") class O4_3 literal; O3-- carried_out_by -->O4 O5(object/victorious_youth) class O5 object; O5-- type -->O5_0[HumanMadeObject] class O5_0 classstyle; O5-- _label -->O5_3("''Victorious Youth''") class O5_3 literal; O3-- encountered -->O5 O1-- part -->O3 O6( _ ) class O6 event; O6-- type -->O6_0[Acquisition] class O6_0 classstyle; O6-- transferred_title_of -->O5 O6-- transferred_title_to -->O4 O1-- part -->O6

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